avoid contract
4.In order to avoid risks brought about by the freight fluctuation of dry and bulk cargos, the BIFFEX Shipping Futures Contract was raised by the Baltic International Freight Futures Exchange (BIFFEX) in 1985. By reverse operation of BIFFEX contract, ship owners or charters can buy or sell BIFFEX contracts so as to protect the revenue and the cost of their freight.
7.Abstract: The direct purchase contract between the big electricity consumer and the generation company becomes an important trade pattern,because it can avoid price risk.This paper explores the bidding action of the generation company and the big electricity consumer by adopting the cooperative game theory and non-cooperative game theory.The results show that if the two sides adopt non-cooperative game theory in their bidding,the transaction is unsuccessful.Otherwise the cooperative game theory can not only help the two sides obtain the satisfying profits,but also guarantee the successful transaction.
