1.During far northern winters, the salty water arriving from the south becomes cold and dense enough to sink east and west of Greenland, after which it migrates southward along the seafloor.
2.The major sink of the eddy kindtic energy is K e→K z ,the R e and the boundary outflow after the mature stage of the cold vortex are the secondary important.
3.Vast stores of carbon in the form of peat underlie much of the tundra in Alaska and Russia, evidence that for long periods Arctic tundra has been a net carbon sink; about 600 cubic miles of peat are currently in cold storage.
