energy exchange
5.Based on the Betti energy exchange theory, a study was made on the constitutive law and damage evolution equation of fissured rock mass in complex stress states and the variation of seepage tensor with crack evolution, with energy exchange and interaction considered in the process of crack development, then a coupled seepage?damage model was developed for analysis of multi?fissured rocks.
10.an accelerator in which high-energy ions escape from plasma following charge exchange.

