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1.It was reported that CpG DNA can activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and B cells directly, which express TLR9, and secondarily activate monocytes^nacrophages, NK cells, T cells and some non-immune cells, improve the ability of neutrophils to provide effective host defense, and produce Thl-like proinflammatory cytokines, interferons, and chemokines, to activate host defense mechanisms leading to innate and acquired immune responses.
CpG DNA具有很强的非特异性免疫刺激作用,可在无T细胞存在的情况下直接激活B细胞,亦可直接激活单核细胞、巨噬细胞及树突状细胞等免疫细胞。 早期研究指出,来自多种哺乳动物的细胞可被CpG DNA激活,但是对不同免疫对象而言,具有最佳免疫刺激作用的CpG基序是不同的。收藏指正
2.Besides from the above-mentioned typical characters of hypersensitive reaction, the host cells also produced defense structure in cell walls and secondary metabolic materials.
除了上述典型的过敏性坏死反应特徵以外,寄主细胞还产生了细胞壁防御结构和次生物质。收藏指正
3.When a brigade task force deploys into the maneuver box, the commander must concern himself with offensive and defensive operations, reconnaissance, fire planning, air defense, nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) defense and a host of other tactical issues (not forgetting, of course, the infamous NTC sand turtle).
当一个旅的部队装车部署,指挥官必须全神贯注于进攻与防守行动,侦察,火力计划,防空,防核、生、化以及许多其它战术课题(当然,别忘了声名狼籍的沙龟)。收藏指正
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