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1.In the regulation practice of natural monopoly industry,the western countries have adopted various incentive regulation forms,such as price cap regulation,social contract system,franchise bidding regulation and yardstick competition regulation.
西方国家在自然垄断产业的规制实践中,采用了多种多样的激励性规制形式,如价格上限规制、社会契约制度、特许投标规制、标尺竞争规制等。收藏指正
2.But surely the price guarantee actually reduces the incentive to diversify?
但是，保证价格就一定减少了对生产者的刺激，使他们不愿进行多元化生产吗？收藏指正
3.Executive Stock Option (ESO) is an incentive system formed in the enterprise management after introducing the concept of Stock Option, refers to a type of right for managers from enterprise owners to claim certain quantity of general stocks at a previously determined price within the agreed period.
经理股票期权(Executive Stock Options， 简称ESO)是将股票期权这一概念借用到企业管理中形成的一种激励制度，是指经营者与企业所有者在约定的期限内享有以某一预先确定的价格购买一定数量本企业普通股票的权利，这种股票期权是公司内部制定的面向高级管理人员等特定人的不可转让的期权。收藏指正
4.Many problems in determining the exercise price of stock option plan are analyzed in this paper, such as insufficient incentive effect, ignorance of the true effort extent of senior managers and lack of restriction.
摘要分析了股票期权计划行权价在确定时，存在着激励效用不足、忽视高级管理人员的真实努力程度及缺乏约束等诸多问题。收藏指正
5.And because the scheme runs only up to 2012, businesses have had no idea what the price of carbon will be—or even whether there will be one at all—and therefore no incentive to innovate or invest to cut carbon-dioxide emissions.
并且因为这个制度只实施至2012年，企业们不知道温室气体排放价格——甚至这个制度是不是会存在——因此没有让他们通过创新或投资来减少温室气体排放。收藏指正
6.Whether by influencing prices (through taxation or fiscal incentives) or setting absolute quantities (via tradable permits), they improve price signals, allow industry greater flexibility in meeting objectives, and give firms a longer-term incentive to pursue technological innovations that further reduce adverse impacts on the environment.
无论是通过影响价格（通过税收或财政激励）还是设定绝对数量（通过可交易许可证），均可改善价格信号，允许工业界以更大的灵活性去实现这些目标，给与公司长期激励机制追求技术革新，减少对环境的负面影响。收藏指正
7.Thirdly, the author puts forward some proposals, such as introducing the reasonable method of performance measurement and adjusting the stock-price; especially setting up the bonus pool and the incentive coefficient based on EVA (Economic Value Added) to optimize the beneficiary’s income model so as to overcoming the internal defects by uniting the performance measurement, policy-making and bonus plan together.
然后,提出引入合理的业绩考核方法和对行权时的股票价格进行调整等改进思路,尤其通过建立基于EVA(经济增加值)的奖金库制度及引入基于EVA 的激励系数等措施,对受益人收益模型进行了优化设计,使得改进后的股票期权制度能够以EVA 为纽带,把业绩度量、决策制定和奖金计划不可分割地联系在一起,从而达到克服其内在缺陷的目的。收藏指正
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