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1.PREMA(FOZO) is a popular end member of mantle for all ocean island and flood basalts, probably representing the lower mantle.
PREMA(FOZO)则是洋岛玄武岩和溢流玄武岩公共端员。收藏指正
2.The lateral heterogeneity is mainly found in the upper mantle, while the lower mantle and the outer core of liquid state seem to be relatively homogeneous. The core mantle boundary (CMB) transition zone (D″), however, is most likely a heterogeneous chemical boundary layer embedded in a thermal boundary layer, with a temperature drop of several hundred degrees, where its topographic undulation and lateral heterogeneity will affect the spherical symmetry of the Earth model.
横向不均匀性主要表现在上地幔部分，下地幔和液态外核似乎比较均匀，但核?幔边界过渡带（D″）可能代表一个内含非均匀化学边界的热边界层，其形态起伏和横向变化影响地球模型的球对称性。收藏指正
3.We take ρ= 5500kg/m~3 as the average density of the mantle and μ=10~(21)Pa·s as the average viscosity of the upper mantle and calculate the convection patterns of the mantle with different viscous rations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 between the lower and upper mantle, respectively.
研究中选取地幔平均密度为ρ=5500kgm3,上层地幔平均黏滞系数为μ=1021Pa·s,计算了上、下地幔黏滞系数之比为1∶1,1∶10,1∶100和1∶1000时地幔大圆剖面、以及区域剖面上的流场.收藏指正
4.“But at the same time, a horizontal pulling power inside the lower continetal crust and mantle of the earth counteracts this upward movement," said Bian.
边研究员称，“但与此同时，地球下层地壳和地幔里一种水平状的拉力阻碍着喜马拉雅山的上升。”收藏指正
5."But at the same time, a horizontal pulling power inside the lower continental crust and mantle of the earth counteracts this upward movement," said Bian.
“但同时，从下地壳一直到地幔上部在产生一种东西拉张的力量，这种拉力对喜马拉雅山的继续升高起到了阻碍作用。”收藏指正
6.Finally, some possible physical mechanisms, for example the Coulomb stress-triggering mechanism, the dynamic stress-triggering mechanism and the lower crust and upper mantle flow deformation mechanism, which may generate these coseismic and post-seismic anomalies, are discussed.
同时，还从库仑破裂应力触发、动态应力触发以及下地壳和上地幔流动变形机制等方面，对这些大震效应作了一些成因机理讨论。收藏指正
7.but South Qinling(SQL),with mean temperature 642℃ and highest temperature 826℃ for Moho boundary,has obvious features with H-model of "hot" geothermal,thinned lithosphere and intensive rheological behavior within moderate-lower crust and top of upper mantle.
南秦岭莫霍界面平均温度642℃,最高达826℃,具有显著的热地温、薄岩石圈和中下地壳及其上地幔顶部强烈流变的H模型特点。收藏指正
8.According to characteristics of trace elements assemblages and the setting of tectonics, these alkaline volcanic rocks were derived from the lower degree melting of metasomatic and enriched mantle (EMl) in the initial stage of Middle Proterozoic epoch.
矿石稀土总量高(645～4443)×10~(-6)，强烈富集轻稀土((La／Yb)_N=17.3～81.1)，稀土元素分布特征明显不同于矿区正常沉积的硅质白云岩和后期侵入的钠长石英斑岩及火山角砾岩，而与矿体顶、底板碱性火山岩中稀土元素配分特征基本一致，暗示稀土成矿物质来源与碱性火山岩有密切的关系；收藏指正
9.The metallogenic source material comes from the upper mantle and the lower crust.
主要成矿时代为晚石炭世－早二叠世。收藏指正
10.Therefore, the Neoproterozoic granitoids in Wulian have most probably been generated by partial melting of Archaean TTG gneisses (major tonalitic component thereinto) at pressures of about 0.8?Gpa (i.e. within the middle or the lower crust), and the addition of different proportions of mantle-derived juvenile materials.
推测五莲新元古代花岗岩类最可能的成因是太古代的TTG片麻岩(主要是其中的英云闪长质组分)在压力约0.8Gpa(相当于~25km的中下地壳)条件下发生部分熔融,并混入了不同比例的年轻地幔来源物质.收藏指正
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