manganese addition
2.The addition of manganese and aluminum to Pd/C catalyst increases the activity of hydrogenation, the addition of zinc and copper improves the selectivity of THF. When the Pd-M/C catalyst was used for hydrogenation of MA, the reaction pathway was in accord with that hypothesis of Massimo Messori. In the Pd-M1C catalyst system, the most of THF was from form the pathway of MA-GBL- BDO-THF.

