peaceful evolution
7.On the basis of long-range seismic profiles data obtained by peaceful nuclear explosions(PNEs) and chemical explosions,this paper introduces the research on origin and evolution of the earth,the crustal and upper mantle structure and geodynamic process of various tectonic zones in Russia,such as Uralian Orogen,Siberia Basin,Kola Peninsula,Turanian Platform and Barents Sea.

