scattering probability
1.From the computation of phase function of each layer satisfying the condition of single scattering, the probability function of scat bering is obtained,which is then used to calculate the optical energy distribution by forward scattering.
2.The Thomson scattering is an elastic scattering process in that the low energy photons are scattered by electron. Based on the method of quantum mechanics, the transition probability and the scattering cross section of the Thomson scattering can be obtained by solving Schrodinger equation, and by using the divided wave method. In this paper, the transition probability and the scattering cross section of the Thomson scattering are calculated by means of quantum field theory method.
3.The ion-pair formation probability was calculated using Landau-Zener formula, and from it the scattering resonance state was found, which is similar to the Na+I 2→Na ++I - 2 system.
4.Extrapolating the previous work by Zhao et al (Nucl. Eng. Des. 2000, 199(3): 315-326), probability-based constitutive models are constructed, respectively, on the bases of Ramberg-Osgood equation and its modified form. Scattering regularity and amount of the test data are taken into account.

