surface movement
6.Based on the abundant field data and the comprehensive analysis,the authors discusses the distribution, present status and hazard of surface collapse in Pingdingshan mining area, defines the suitable rock movement parameters through lots of rock movement observation data, forecast the surface collapse, that caused by exploiting coal, by adopting probability integral method.
8.Further more, the opinion that surge in the canal is the result of the water surface fluctuation with long period and that surge influence on navigation come, from the surface gradient resistance and the flow resistance dae to the interaction of surge propogation and flow movement is presented here .
9.The unconformity surface between the Cretaceous and the Jurassic is resulted from the second episode of Yanshan tectonic movement. There could be many litho-stratigraphic traps between them,so proper stratigraphic classification has influenced the recognition of litho-stratigraphic traps directly.

