volume reflection
1.A number of techniques such as Laser Raman spectroscopy ( LRS ), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy ( DRS ), BET and pore volume distribution measurement (PVD)have been employed to investigate the effects of fluoride on the states of nickel and tungsten in NiW/γ-Al2O3 catalysts.
2.The reflection volume hologram recorded in dichromated gelatin (DCG) is a kind of holographic optical element (HOE) which has non-uniform distribution in index modulation and fringe period. It has not only high diffraction efficiency and spectral selectivity, but also high polarization selectivity, and can be used as an optical element with multi-functions.
