volume work
2.Arnold Toynbee, a British historian, also presented a cyclical theory in his 12-volume work, A Study of History (1934-1961).
3.Three views arepresented: (1) The two sets of thermodynamic fundamental equations are equivalent,in which ∑u_idn_i=-δW_R′ (2) The reversible procedure of the Mole numbers of all components in eve-ry phase must be the reversible one, in which non-volume work is not done.


